// Lang_38 [exception handling].nova


// The application class.
class ExceptionHandlingApp
{
	// Application class's 'main' function.
	public static void main( String[] args )
	{
		// Exception handler 'try' block.
		try
		{
			// Output a message.
			Stream.writeLine( "Inside the 'try' block :)" );

			// Throw an exception.
			throw new ExceptionSubClass( "Testing 123" );

			// Output a message.
			Stream.writeLine( "No exception has been thrown in the try block." );
		}
		// Exception sub class catch block.
		catch ( ExceptionSubClass e )
		{
			// Output a message.
			Stream.writeLine( "Caught an exception of type 'ExceptionSubClass'." );
			Stream.writeLine( "e.info = " + e.getInfo( ) );
		}
		// Generic classes must come after specific sub classes.
		catch ( Exception e )
		{
			// Output a message.
			Stream.writeLine( "Caught an exception of type 'Exception'." );
			Stream.writeLine( "e.info = " + e.getInfo( ) );
		}
		// Exception handler 'finally' block.
		finally
		{
			// Output a message.
			Stream.writeLine( "Inside the 'finally' block :)" );
		}


		// Test an exception raised inside a constructor call.
		TestConstructorException testConstructorException;

		try
		{
			testConstructorException = new TestConstructorException( );
		}
		catch ( ExceptionSubClass e )
		{
			// Output a message.
			Stream.writeLine( "Caught an exception of type 'ExceptionSubClass'." );
			Stream.writeLine( "e.info = " + e.getInfo( ) );

			if ( testConstructorException == null )
			{
				Stream.writeLine( "testConstructorException == null" );
			}
		}


		// Produce an unhandled exception to demonstrate the stack trace.
		// NOTE: This will terminate the program!
		// Call the first stack trace test method.
		testStackTrace1( );
	}


	private static void testStackTrace1( )
	{
		testStackTrace2( );
	}


	private static void testStackTrace2( )
	{
		testStackTrace3( );
	}


	private static void testStackTrace3( )
	{
		testStackTrace4( );
	}


	private static void testStackTrace4( )
	{
		// Output a message.
		Stream.writeLine( "Throw a test exception to test the stack trace." );

		// Throw a test exception to test the stack trace.
		throw new ExceptionSubClass( "Exception to test the stack trace." );
	}
}


// 'Exception' sub class test class.
class ExceptionSubClass : Exception
{
	// Constructor.
	public ExceptionSubClass( String info )
		: Exception( info )
	{
		// No code required.
	}
}


// Class to test an exception in a constructor call.
class TestConstructorException
{
	// Constructor.
	public TestConstructorException( )
	{
		// Throw an exception.
		throw new ExceptionSubClass( "TestConstructorException" );
	}
}